Sharing Love and Support
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Also known by these names:
- Social support
- Support network
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Love heals. That is the simplest way to put it. Friends help us heal. Kindness heals. Kindness, they say, is love with its work boots on. The experience of being surrounded by love, family and friends who care about you, and the kindness of strangers—including doctors and other healers who care for you—is for many an awesomely powerful experience.
Key Points
- The National Cancer Institute defines social support as “a network of family, friends, neighbors, and community members that is available in times of need to give psychological, physical, and financial help.”
- Social support can be categorized into three major types: emotional, instrumental and informational support.
- BCCT’s interest in sharing love and support is affirmed by studies that have found that strong social ties and social integration are linked to better resistance to illness, lower mortality, lower risk of recurrence, and improved survival.
- Sharing love and support is most likely beneficial across a wide range of cancers, even though research to date may focus on only a few cancer types.
- Sharing love and support, like several other lifestyle-related therapies, generally involves very little risk, may improve quality of life and possibly improve cancer outcomes, and many practitioners are comfortable recommending this for patients.
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There is a whole literature on why social support matters. We could say social support is the neutral language with which researchers describe love, friendship and the kindness of strangers. People with stronger social support are on average healthier all their lives and do better when they get sick. So finding and receiving love and kindness matters. While it is easy for some, others find it difficult to find and even difficult to receive.
Michael Lerner
Introduction
Love heals. That is the simplest way to put it. Friends help us heal. Kindness heals.
Some of the BCCT staff have worked on hundreds of week-long residential retreats for people with cancer. These retreats have made strikingly clear that being in community and support with fellow wounded healers—as well as going home and revving up social support systems—contributes to long-term, life-changing benefits.
Author
Laura Pole, RN, MSN, OCNS, BCCT Senior Researcher
Read more Ms. Pole is an oncology clinical nurse specialist who has been providing integrative oncology clinical care, navigation, consultation and education services for more than 30 years. View profile. Reviewer
Nancy Hepp, MS, BCCT Project Manager
Read more Ms. Hepp is a science researcher and communicator who has been writing and editing educational content on varied health topics for more than 20 years. View profile. Last updated August 16, 2021.
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Read more
This ancient gift of life, of being together and caring for each other in community, is called “social support” in the healthcare world. The National Cancer Institute's Dictionary of Cancer Terms defines social support as “a network of family, friends, neighbors, and community members that is available in times of need to give psychological, physical, and financial help.”
BCCT considers sharing love and support to be one of the key lifestyle factors that makes a difference in the lives of most people with cancer and those who care for them. We believe that a fully integrated cancer care plan must include social support.
Mounting evidence shows that sharing love and support benefits cancer patients as described below. Sharing love and support is most likely beneficial across a wide range of cancers, even though research to date may focus on only a few cancer types. Sharing love and support, like several other lifestyle-related therapies, generally involves very little risk, may improve quality of life and possibly improve cancer outcomes. Many practitioners are comfortable recommending this for patients.
Many sources of support and social sharing are available, including support groups specific to many cancer types and for caregivers. See the Advocacy and Support Groups section of our cancer handbooks. BCCT partner Healing Circles also provides small group support in many topic areas.
Types of Social Support
Highlighted Videos
BCCT founder Michael Lerner delineates what constitutes a healing circle.
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BCCT Senior Researcher Laura Pole, RN, MSN, OCNS, introduces the healing power of sharing love and support.
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Author, clinical professor and BCCT advisor Rachel Naomi Remen, MD, shares the healing power of generous listening.
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BCCT advisor, physician, and researcher Dean Ornish, MD, explains how intimacy heals.
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Commonweal co-founder Michael Lerner and BCCT advisor Brian Bouch, MD, discuss the healing power of love.
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Don’t Forget Our Caregivers
Caregivers for those with cancer also need social and professional support in caring for their loved ones.
See our Caring for Caregivers page for more information about caring for yourself and finding support.
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Social support can be categorized into three major types:
- Emotional: what people do that make us feel loved and cared for, that increases our sense of self-worth; this includes actions such as talking over a problem, or providing encouragement/positive feedback
- Instrumental: various types of practical help that others may provide, such as help with childcare/housekeeping, or providing transportation or money
- Informational: the help that others may offer through providing information
Building Your Social Support Network
BCCT has collected ideas from several sources for making good use of your social support resources and building your social support network.
Expand list
- Make a list of all the people in your life who can help support you, either emotionally or practically (such as driving you to treatments). Identify the specific kinds of support they can give you. Think about family, friends, neighbors, members of a church or community organization you belong to, workmates, acquaintances you made in a class. Think outside the box to other connections you have to people who would “get” what you’re going through. Maybe there are friends and relatives whom you don’t usually have contact with, but who would like to come back into your life to help you. This is your A-team. Remember, your A-team doesn’t have to be large.
- If you don’t have a strong support system with family and friends, consider joining a support group that has members who are going through similar experiences/challenges as you, such as a cancer-specific support group, a “young adult with cancer” group, a metastatic cancer group, and so on. Healing Circles is an especially well-received support group network. Integrative oncologist and BCCT advisor Keith Block, MD, suggests that support groups seem to be most helpful during treatment or after treatment, but not right after diagnosis.
- Consider joining a group like a book club or other discussion group, or taking a class or volunteering. Being part of a support group means you have opportunities to give as well as receive support, which is why we call this practice “sharing love and support.” Important sources of social support reported by children and adolescents with cancer include relationships with immediate family members, aerobic classes, age-appropriate support groups, online networks, survivor day picnics, family retreats and facilitation of storytelling.
- Meet with a professional who can provide emotional and practical support, such as an oncology social worker, a cancer navigator or a counselor who works with people with cancer.
- When you don’t feel well enough to organize your support, ask someone to organize and enlist help for you. For instance, this person might be in charge of contacting people who would prepare meals for you.
- Look into attending a retreat for people with cancer. Some can be specific to age groups or types of cancer.
See “More Information” below for resources that can help you both give and receive the most benefit with your support team.
Also see a list of online support communities and related resources on our Healing Circles: Share Your Experience page.
Clinical Practice Guidelines
The Society for Integrative Oncology clinical practice guidelines give a Grade 1A rating to support groups and supportive/expressive therapy as part of a multidisciplinary approach to reduce anxiety, mood disturbance, chronic pain and improve quality of life. This is the strongest level of recommendation, meaning that in a review of quality evidence, the benefits outweigh the risks and the therapy can be applied to most patients in most circumstances without reservation.
Treating the Cancer
Working against cancer growth or spread, improving survival, or working with other treatments or therapies to improve their anticancer action
Sharing love and support (especially emotional support) has a strong positive influence on disease outcomes:
- Having good social support seems to improve chances of survival after heart attack, stroke and possibly even cancer.
- Social isolation is associated with all-cause mortality, with the level of greater risk varying in the US according to race and gender. With greater social isolation, both men and women of African-American descent show greater increased mortality than their peers of European-American descent. Cancer mortality was greater among women of European-American descent compared to their male counterparts, although this difference was not seen between women and men of African-American descent.
Stress, Cancer and Social Support
Stress hormones can exert tremendous influence on the tumor microenvironment (see our Managing Stress page). Mediating the stress response with love and support is an important part of an integrative cancer care plan. “The effect of social support on life expectancy appears to be as strong as the effects of obesity, cigarette smoking, hypertension, or level of physical activity.”
We emphasize that love and support can likely benefit most people with cancer and their caregivers, even though studies have been done in only a limited number of cancers.
Many outstanding integrative oncology care clinicians, including several of BCCT’s advisors, stress the importance of social support and include it in their integrative care protocols and plans
Cancer in General
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- A tendency toward longer life among people with cancer with a higher degree of social involvement (more friends and relatives) and greater participation in religious and other community groups
- Two-year longer lifespan among middle-aged men who developed cancer and were married or living with a partner at the start of the study, compared to those who were single, divorced, or widowed, in a 30-year observational study
Breast Cancer
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Breast cancer has been the subject of most of the studies on social support and cancer:
- Better breast cancer-specific and overall survival with larger social networks Of interest, being married didn’t seem to reduce the risk of death, suggesting that among women, others besides spouses may be more important sources of social support on average.
- Improved survival among people with breast cancer with psychosocial interventions, including those using social support
- Improved survival an average of 18 months with supportive-expressive group therapy in women with advanced breast cancer; a repeat of this study several years later did not find improved survival, and additional studies of psychosocial interventions in cancer patients have shown inconsistent outcomes
- Improved adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) for breast cancer with higher levels of social support.
See Breast Cancer.
Colorectal Cancer
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Ovarian Cancer
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- Improved long-term survival in women with ovarian cancer with social support reflecting connection to others (social attachment)
Prostate Cancer
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- Decreased prostate-specific antigen (PSA)—a marker of potential cancer activity after one year among men with early-stage prostate cancer who participated in the the Ornish Lifestyle Medicine Program, which includes social support and support groups and other lifestyle interventions
Testicular Cancer
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- Poorer outcomes among testicular cancer survivors with inadequate coping resources, including lack of social support
Managing Side Effects and Promoting Wellness
Sharing Love Widely
39-year-old Manuel Garcia spent weeks in the hospital for cancer treatment. He felt all alone in his baldness and cancer, until, as he finally returned home he was surprised by an incredible act of love and support. A New York Times article reports his homecoming, and a song commemorates his story (Manuel Garcia © David Roth ~ www.davidrothmusic.com ~ used by permission, performed by Laura Pole).
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Sharing love and support (especially emotional support) has a strong positive influence on psychological and physical well-being:
Anxiety, Depression, Distress or Grief
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- Lower risk of depression or psychological distress among those who enjoy good social support
- Reduced psychological distress among people with breast cancer and their caregivers with couples-based interventions
- Reduced symptoms of distress among breast cancer survivors with lifestyle and support programs that help women develop and use positive coping strategies
- Less of depression, reduced symptoms of hopelessness and trauma, and improved social functioning among people with breast cancer with Supportive-Expressive Therapy (SET)
- Less depression among caregivers with targeted interventions, including self-care and interpersonal connections of caregivers and symptom management of patients
- Less anxiety and depression and greater ability to function independently one year after surgery among people with colorectal cancer who had more social support
- Better emotional well-being and less depression and anxiety two years after diagnosis among men with localized prostate cancer with higher levels of social support
- Lower scores on grief, depression, and anxiety among family caregivers in palliative care with bereavement support in a meta-analysis of RCTs
- Weak evidence of better reported anxiety and depression with befriending—an emotional supportive relationship in which a volunteer provides regular one-to-one companionship
- High levels of insecure attachment between people with cancer and their caregivers are linked to increased risk of higher levels of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and poor social support in a meta-analysis of observational studies.
Physical, Emotional and Cognitive Function
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- Preserved physical and cognitive functioning in seniors with emotional support
- Better physical and emotional adjustment to cancer among people with breast cancer with emotional support from family members
- Greater optimism among women with breast cancer who received social support, mostly through their families
- Improved relationship function and physical symptoms among people with breast cancer and their caregivers with couples-based interventions
Quality of Life
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- Better quality of life among people with advanced cancer who perceived they had high levels of social support
- Better quality of life among people with cancer with a higher degree of social involvement (more friends and relatives) and greater participation in religious and other community groups or with emotional support primarily from small, dense networks of mostly family members
- Improved quality of life among the more distressed women with metastatic breast cancer when adding Expressive-Supportive Therapy to standard care
- Improved quality of life among people with breast cancer and their caregivers with couples-based interventions
- Improved well-being—possibly through helping women expand and engage in wider social networks, connect with peers with cancer and gain information about cancer—among breast cancer survivors engaging in online communities and groups
- Improved quality of life among caregivers with targeted interventions, including self-care and interpersonal connections of caregivers and symptom management of patients
- Greater improvements in health-related quality of life one year after surgery among people with colorectal cancer with more social support
- Better quality of life among men with localized prostate cancer with higher levels of social support
Stress
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Positive social support seems to enhance resilience to stress.
- Enhanced resilience to stress, and possibly protection against developing psychological problems related to trauma, as well as reduced functional problems related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
- Greater post-traumatic growth and decrease post-traumatic stress symptoms in adults with cancer with social support. Optimism, positive reappraisal and religious coping were also linked to higher levels of post-traumatic growth in this population.
- Greater post-traumatic growth in child and adolescent cancer survivors with targeted social support along with clinical intervention and education
Reducing Risk
Sharing love and support (especially emotional support) has a strong positive influence on disease incidence:
- Decreased risks of a major disease such as cancer, heart attack or stroke with greater social support.
- Decreased rates of recurrence of breast cancer with psychosocial interventions, including those using social support
- Higher incidence of colorectal cancer among men in Japan with low social support
- Greater risk of cancer among middle-aged men experiencing loneliness, regardless of lifestyle and health-related factors, in a 30-year observational study
Optimizing Your Terrain
- Improved neuroendocrine (both neural and endocrine in structure or function) and immune function with psychosocial interventions, including those using social support, with breast cancer survivors
- Lower vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels—released by tumors to create a blood supply and help tumor growth—among patients with ovarian cancer with higher levels of social well-being before surgery
Integrative Programs, Protocols and Medical Systems
Many outstanding integrative oncology care clinicians, including several of BCCT’s advisors, stress the importance of social support and include it in their integrative care protocols and programs:
- Keith Block’s integrative cancer treatment program teaches patients to individualize their mind and spirit care plan, including mobilizing social support.
- Alschuler & Gazella list social support as one of the five guidelines for cancer patients to find love, laughter and joy. “Seek out social support. Don’t underestimate the dangers of isolation.”
- The late renowned integrative oncologist Jeremy Geffen described “Seven Levels of Healing” with “Connection with Others” near the top of the list.
- Gary Deng, MD, medical director of the Integrative Medicine Service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, includes “Relationships” as one of the “6 Pillars for Good Health.”
- The innovative cardiologist Dean Ornish adapted his Lifestyle Medicine program for reversing heart disease for men with prostate cancer. A critical facet of that program is what Ornish calls “love and support.” Ornish says the heart of healing is “connection”, which includes increasing love and intimacy in our lives, group support, improving communication skills and fluent listening.
Social support is included in these specific programs, protocols and approaches:
Non-cancer Uses of Social Support
Sharing love and support is considered an important component of care in reducing the risk of and managing many chronic diseases. A prime example is Dr. Ornish’s Program for Reversing Heart Disease.
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Love and support most commonly come from family members, friends and other loved ones. However, expanding social support networks to include connections in groups, community and church organizations and workmates is not uncommon. Many cancer centers and communities offer support groups for people with cancer. Many online and virtual social support programs are available for people with cancer; some are listed below.
- Sri Swami Satchidananda. A Revolution in Healthcare. Viewed March 28, 2018.
- Research: Psychosocial Notebook. Support & Social Conflict: Section One—Social Support. University of California, San Francisco. April 2008. Viewed January 7, 2018.
- Block KI. Life Over Cancer: The Block Center Program for Integrative Cancer Care. New York: Bantam Dell. 2009.
- Alschuler LN, Gazella KA. The Definitive Guide to Thriving after Cancer: A Five-Step Integrative Plan to Reduce the Risk of Recurrence and Build Lifelong Health. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. 2013.
- Turner JK, Hutchinson A, Wilson C. Correlates of post-traumatic growth following childhood and adolescent cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychooncology. 2017 Nov 2.
- Deng GE, Frenkel M et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for integrative oncology: complementary therapies and botanicals. Journal of the Society for Integrative Oncology. 2009 Summer;7(3):85-120.
- Wei D, Liu XY, Chen YY, Zhou X, Hu HP. Effectiveness of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual intervention in breast cancer survivors: an integrative review. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2016 Jul-Sep;3(3):226-232; Alcaraz KI, Eddens KS et al. Social isolation and mortality in US Black and White men and women. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2018 Oct 16.
- Ozbay F, Johnson DC, Dimoulas E, Morgan CA, Charney D, Southwick S. Social support and resilience to stress: from neurobiology to clinical practice. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2007;4(5):35-40.
- Deng GE, Frenkel M et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for integrative oncology: complementary therapies and botanicals. Journal of the Society for Integrative Oncology. 2009 Summer;7(3):85-120.
- Kraav S, Lehto SM, Kauhanen J, Hantunen S, Tolmunen T. Loneliness and social isolation increase cancer incidence in a cohort of Finnish middle-aged men. A longitudinal study. Psychiatry Research. 2021 May;299:113868.
- Kroenke CH, Michael YL et al. Postdiagnosis social networks and breast cancer mortality in the After Breast Cancer Pooling Project. Cancer. 2017 Apr 1;123(7):1228-1237; Kroenke CH, Kubzansky LD, Schernhammer ES, Holmes MD, Kawachi I. Social networks, social support, and survival after breast cancer diagnosis. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2006 Mar 1;24(7):1105-11.
- Kroenke CH, Kubzansky LD, Schernhammer ES, Holmes MD, Kawachi I. Social networks, social support, and survival after breast cancer diagnosis. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2006 Mar 1;24(7):1105-11.
- Gudenkauf LM, Ehlers SL. Psychosocial interventions in breast cancer survivorship care. Breast. 2017 Nov 20;38:1-6.
- Spiegel D, Bloom JR, Yalom I. Group support for patients with metastatic cancer: a randomized outcome study. Archives of General Psychiatry. 981;38:527-533.
- Goodwin PJ, Leszcz M et al. The effect of group psychosocial support on survival in metastatic breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2001 Dec 13;345(24):1719-26.
- Bright EE, Stanton AL. Prospective investigation of social support, coping, and depressive symptoms: a model of adherence to endocrine therapy among women with breast cancer. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2017 Dec 21.
- Ikeda A, Kawachi I et al. Social support and cancer incidence and mortality: the JPHC study cohort II. Cancer Causes & Control. 2013;24:847–60.
- Lutgendorf SK, De Geest K et al. Social influences on clinical outcomes of patients with ovarian cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2012 Aug 10;30(23):2885-90.
- Ornish D, Weidner G et al. Intensive lifestyle changes may affect the progression of prostate cancer. Journal of Urology. 2005 Sep;174(3):1065-9.
- Smith AB, Rutherford C et al. A systematic review of quantitative observational studies investigating psychological distress in testicular cancer survivors. Psychooncology. 2017 Nov 23.
- Wei D, Liu XY, Chen YY, Zhou X, Hu HP. Effectiveness of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual intervention in breast cancer survivors: an integrative review. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2016 Jul-Sep;3(3):226-232.
- Brandao T, Schulz MS, Matos PM. Psychological intervention with couples coping with breast cancer: a systematic review. Psychology and Health. 2014;29(5): 491e516.
- Syrowatka A, Motulsky A et al. Predictors of distress in female breast cancer survivors: a systematic review. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 2017;165(2):229-245.
- Gudenkauf LM, Ehlers SL. Psychosocial interventions in breast cancer survivorship care. Breast. 2017 Nov 20;38:1-6.
- Fu F, Zhao H, Tong F, Chi I. A systematic review of psychosocial interventions to cancer caregivers. Frontiers in Psychology. 2017;8:834.
- Gonzalez-Saenz de Tejada M, Bilbao A et al. Association between social support, functional status, and change in health-related quality of life and changes in anxiety and depression in colorectal cancer patients. Psychooncology. 2017 Sep;26(9):1263-1269.
- Zhou ES, Penedo FJ et al. Longitudinal effects of social support and adaptive coping on the emotional well-being of survivors of localized prostate cancer. The Journal of Supportive Oncology. 2010;8(5):196-201.
- Kustanti CY, Fang HF et al. The effectiveness of bereavement support for adult family caregivers in palliative care: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 2021 Mar;53(2):208-217.
- Siette J, Cassidy M, Priebe S. Effectiveness of befriending interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2017 Apr 26;7(4):e014304.
- Nissen KG. Correlates of self-rated attachment in patients with cancer and their caregivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychooncology. 2016 Sep;25(9):1017-27.
- Seeman T. Support & Social Conflict: Section One—Social Support. MacArthur Research Network on SES and Health. April 2008. Viewed January 18, 2018.
- Wei D, Liu XY, Chen YY, Zhou X, Hu HP. Effectiveness of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual intervention in breast cancer survivors: an integrative review. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2016 Jul-Sep;3(3):226-232.
- Wei D, Liu XY, Chen YY, Zhou X, Hu HP. Effectiveness of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual intervention in breast cancer survivors: an integrative review. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2016 Jul-Sep;3(3):226-232.
- Brandao T, Schulz MS, Matos PM. Psychological intervention with couples coping with breast cancer: a systematic review. Psychology and Health. 2014;29(5): 491e516.
- Applebaum AJ, Stein EM et al. Optimism, social support, and mental health outcomes in patients with advanced cancer. Psycho-oncology. 2014;23(3):299-306.
- Deng GE, Frenkel M et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for integrative oncology: complementary therapies and botanicals. Journal of the Society for Integrative Oncology. 2009 Summer;7(3):85-120.
- Courtens AM, Stevens FC, Crebolder HF, Philipsen H. Longitudinal study on quality of life and social support in cancer patients. Cancer Nursing. 1996 Jun;19(3):162-9.
- Goodwin PJ, Leszcz M et al. The effect of group psychosocial support on survival in metastatic breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2001 Dec 13;345(24):1719-26.
- Brandao T, Schulz MS, Matos PM. Psychological intervention with couples coping with breast cancer: a systematic review. Psychology and Health. 2014;29(5): 491e516.
- Falisi AL, Wiseman KP et al. Social media for breast cancer survivors: a literature review. Journal of Cancer Survivorship. 2017 Dec;11(6):808-821.
- Fu F, Zhao H, Tong F, Chi I. A systematic review of psychosocial interventions to cancer caregivers. Frontiers in Psychology. 2017;8:834.
- Gonzalez-Saenz de Tejada M, Bilbao A et al. Association between social support, functional status, and change in health-related quality of life and changes in anxiety and depression in colorectal cancer patients. Psychooncology. 2017 Sep;26(9):1263-1269.
- Zhou ES, Penedo FJ et al. Longitudinal effects of social support and adaptive coping on the emotional well-being of survivors of localized prostate cancer. The Journal of Supportive Oncology. 2010;8(5):196-201.
- Ozbay F, Johnson DC et al. Social support and resilience to stress: from neurobiology to clinical practice. Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2007;4(5):35-40.
- Shand LK, Cowlishaw S, Brooker JE, Burney S, Ricciardelli LA. Correlates of post-traumatic stress symptoms and growth in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychooncology. 2015 Jun;24(6):624-34.
- Turner JK, Hutchinson A, Wilson C. Correlates of post-traumatic growth following childhood and adolescent cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychooncology. 2017 Nov 2.
- Wei D, Liu XY, Chen YY, Zhou X, Hu HP. Effectiveness of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual intervention in breast cancer survivors: an integrative review. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2016 Jul-Sep;3(3):226-232; Alcaraz KI, Eddens KS et al. Social isolation and mortality in US Black and White men and women.American Journal of Epidemiology. 2018 Oct 16.
- Gudenkauf LM, Ehlers SL. Psychosocial interventions in breast cancer survivorship care. Breast. 2017 Nov 20;38:1-6.
- Ikeda A, Kawachi I et al. Social support and cancer incidence and mortality: the JPHC study cohort II. Cancer Causes & Control. 2013;24:847–60.
- Kraav S, Lehto SM, Kauhanen J, Hantunen S, Tolmunen T. Loneliness and social isolation increase cancer incidence in a cohort of Finnish middle-aged men. A longitudinal study. Psychiatry Research. 2021 May;299:113868.
- Gudenkauf LM, Ehlers SL. Psychosocial interventions in breast cancer survivorship care. Breast. 2017 Nov 20;38:1-6.
- Lutgendorf SK, Johnsen EL et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor and social support in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Cancer. 2002 Aug 15;95(4):808-15.
- Block KI. Life Over Cancer. New York: Bantam Dell. 2009.
- Alschuler LN, Gazella KA. The Definitive Guide to Thriving after Cancer: A Five-Step Integrative Plan to Reduce the Risk of Recurrence and Build Lifelong Health. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. 2013.
- Geffen J. The Journey Through Cancer: An Oncologist's Seven-Level Program for Healing and Transforming the Whole Person. New York, New York: Three Rivers Press. 2006.
- Ornish Lifestyle Medicine. Love and Support. Viewed January 7, 2018.
- Alschuler LN, Gazella KA. The Definitive Guide to Thriving after Cancer: A Five-Step Integrative Plan to Reduce the Risk of Recurrence and Build Lifelong Health. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. 2013.
- Block KI. Life Over Cancer. New York: Bantam Dell. 2009.
- Cohen L, Jefferies A. Anticancer Living. New York: Viking. 2018.
- Geffen J. The Journey Through Cancer: An Oncologist's Seven-Level Program for Healing and Transforming the Whole Person. New York, New York: Three Rivers Press. 2006.
- MacDonald B. The Breast Cancer Companion: A Complementary Care Manual: Third Edition. 2016.
- McKinney N. Naturopathic Oncology, 3rd Edition. Victoria, BC, Canada: Liaison Press. 2016.
- Ornish Living. Prostate Cancer Was My Doorway into Vibrant Health and an Expansive and Happy Life. Ornish Lifestyle Medicine. Viewed January 7, 2018.
View All References
More Information
Know of other helpful resources and information sources about sharing love and support? If so, please use the Comments section below to describe these resources and how we can find them.
Web resources and online support services
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Resources for young adults with cancer
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Social support resources for caregivers
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Books
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- Halpern S. The Etiquette of an Illness. New York, New York. Bloomsbury. 2004. This book is for people who are ill and want to engage with their loved ones effectively. It is also for those who feel awkward and unsure about responding to a friend, colleague, or relative who is suffering.
Videos
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Research review articles
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Clinical trials
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- A number of clinical trials of social support and cancer are recruiting, in progress or recently completed. To learn more about these trials, visit clinicaltrials.gov.
More from Our Resources Database
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- Kelly A. Turner: Radical Hope: Ten Healing Factors from Exceptional Survivors of Cancer and Other Diseases
- Nancy Novack and Barbara K. Richardson (editors): I Am with You: Love Letters to Cancer Patients
- Gurdev Parmar and Tina Kaczor: Textbook of Naturopathic Oncology
- Integrative Oncology Talk
- Atlas of Caregiving: Atlas CareMap
- Jackie Ogg, Herman Barangan and Andrea Betts: My Friend Has Cancer?!
- Kelly A. Turner: Radical Remission: Surviving Cancer Against All Odds
- The Patient Story
- Live by Living
- UK Royal College of Anaesthetists, Macmillan Cancer Support, and the National Institute for Health Research Cancer and Nutrition Collaboration: Prehabilitation for People with Cancer
- Triagecancer.org: Finances
- Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine: CanHEAL
- American Institute for Cancer Research: American Institute for Cancer Research Blog
- Block KI, Block PB, Gyllenhaal C: Integrative Treatment for Colorectal Cancer
- Wayne Jonas, MD: Your Healing Journey: A Patient’s Guide to Integrative Breast Cancer Care
- The New School at Commonweal: Dwight McKee, MD: 40 Years Practicing Integrative Cancer Medicine, Part 1
- The New School at Commonweal: Dwight McKee, MD: 40 Years Practicing Integrative Cancer Medicine, Part 2
- The Lord Symington Foundation with Healing Circles and The New School at Commonweal: Dean Ornish, MD: Symington 2017
- Commonweal: Commonweal Cancer Help Program
- American Society of Clinical Oncology: Cancer.Net
- Lise Alschuler, ND, FABNO, and Karolyn Gazella: The Definitive Guide to Cancer, 3rd Edition
- Keith I. Block, MD: Life over Cancer: The Block Center Program for Integrative Cancer Treatment
- Lorenzo Cohen and Alison Jefferies: Anticancer Living: Transform Your Life and Health with the Mix of Six
- Jeremy R. Geffen, MD, FACP: The Seven Levels of Healing®: Celebrating Life and Spirit on the Journey through Cancer
- Commonweal: Healing Circles
- Michael Lerner: Choices In Healing: Integrating the Best of Conventional and Complementary Approaches to Cancer
- Jeremy R. Geffen, MD, FACP: The Journey through Cancer: An Oncologist's Seven-Level Program for Healing and Transforming the Whole Person
- CancerCare: My Cancer Circle
- Cancer Support Community
- Norman Cousins: Head First: The Biology of Hope and the Healing Power of the Human Spirit
- Glenn Sabin with Dawn Lemanne, MD, MPH: N of 1
- Dr. Leslie Schover: Will2Love
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